{"id":1766,"date":"2024-01-10T14:03:55","date_gmt":"2024-01-10T14:03:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/shapeshiftsource.com\/?p=1766"},"modified":"2024-01-10T14:03:55","modified_gmt":"2024-01-10T14:03:55","slug":"miert-nem-kapnak-agyrazkodast-a-jegmadarak-a-gyorsuszastol","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/shapeshiftsource.com\/?p=1766","title":{"rendered":"Mi\u00e9rt nem kapnak agyr\u00e1zk\u00f3d\u00e1st a j\u00e9gmadarak a gyors\u00fasz\u00e1st\u00f3l?"},"content":{"rendered":"
M\u00e1s madarakkal, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a sasokkal \u00e9s a pelik\u00e1nokkal ellent\u00e9tben, amelyek szint\u00e9n mer\u00fclnek, a j\u00e9gmadarak ak\u00e1r 40 kilom\u00e9ter\/\u00f3r\u00e1s sebess\u00e9ggel is k\u00e9pesek gyorsan a v\u00edzbe mer\u00fclni.<\/p>\n
Shannon Hackett kutat\u00f3 szerint ez az egyed\u00fcl\u00e1ll\u00f3 k\u00e9pess\u00e9g evol\u00faci\u00f3san fejl\u0151d\u00f6tt ki ezekn\u00e9l a kecses madarakn\u00e1l, hogy megv\u00e9dj\u00e9k az agyat a k\u00e1rosod\u00e1st\u00f3l.<\/p>\n
A j\u00e9gmadarak h\u00e1rom csal\u00e1dba sorolhat\u00f3k, \u00e9l\u00e9nk sz\u00edn\u0171 tollazatuk \u00e9s viszonylag kis l\u00e1buk van. Kedvelik a v\u00e1ltozatos t\u00e1pl\u00e1lkoz\u00e1st, \u00e9s nem minden faj t\u00e1pl\u00e1lkozik halakkal. \u0412<\/p>\n
2017-es tanulm\u00e1ny meg\u00e1llap\u00edtotta, hogy a halev\u0151 j\u00e9gmadarak nem \u00e1llnak k\u00f6zeli rokons\u00e1gban m\u00e1s testv\u00e9reikkel, ami al\u00e1t\u00e1masztja azt az elm\u00e9letet, hogy a halakkal val\u00f3 t\u00e1pl\u00e1lkoz\u00e1s \u00e9s a b\u00fav\u00e1rkod\u00e1s egy k\u00f6z\u00f6s \u0151st\u0151l sz\u00e1rmazik.<\/p>\n
A vizsg\u00e1lat sor\u00e1n 30 k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 j\u00e9gmad\u00e1rfaj DNS-\u00e9t hasonl\u00edtott\u00e1k \u00f6ssze, hogy azonos\u00edts\u00e1k az \u00e9trend\u00e9rt \u00e9s az agyk\u00e1rosod\u00e1s n\u00e9lk\u00fcli mer\u00fcl\u00e9s k\u00e9pess\u00e9g\u00e9\u00e9rt felel\u0151s g\u00e9neket. A terepi vizsg\u00e1latok sor\u00e1n gy\u0171jt\u00f6tt sz\u00f6vetmint\u00e1kat haszn\u00e1lt\u00e1k fel.<\/p>\n
A csapat minden egyes faj teljes genomj\u00e1t szekven\u00e1lta, hogy megkapja az egyes madarak teljes genetikai k\u00f3dj\u00e1t. A szak\u00e9rt\u0151k ezut\u00e1n \u00f6sszehasonl\u00edtott\u00e1k a genomokat alkot\u00f3 t\u00f6bb milli\u00e1rd b\u00e1zisp\u00e1rt, hogy megtal\u00e1lj\u00e1k a b\u00fav\u00e1r j\u00e9gmadarakra jellemz\u0151 genetikai elt\u00e9r\u00e9seket.<\/p>\n
A halev\u0151 madarakn\u00e1l t\u00f6bb m\u00f3dos\u00edtott g\u00e9nt fedeztek fel, amelyek a t\u00e1pl\u00e1lkoz\u00e1ssal \u00e9s az agy fel\u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9vel kapcsolatosak. K\u00e9t \u00e9rdekes g\u00e9nben azonos\u00edtottak mut\u00e1ci\u00f3kat, az AGT-ben, amely a t\u00e1pl\u00e1lkoz\u00e1s rugalmass\u00e1g\u00e1\u00e9rt felel\u0151s, \u00e9s a MAPT-ben, amely az ev\u00e9si viselked\u00e9ssel \u00f6sszef\u00fcgg\u0151 tau-feh\u00e9rj\u00e9ket k\u00f3dolja.<\/p>\n
A tau-feh\u00e9rj\u00e9k stabiliz\u00e1lj\u00e1k az agyi strukt\u00far\u00e1kat, de a felesleg\u00fck k\u00e1ros lehet. A kutat\u00f3k \u00fagy v\u00e9lik, hogy ezek a feh\u00e9rj\u00e9k fontos szerepet j\u00e1tszhatnak a j\u00e9gmadarak agy\u00e1nak v\u00e9delm\u00e9ben az\u00e1ltal, hogy megakad\u00e1lyozz\u00e1k a mer\u00fcl\u00e9s sor\u00e1n fell\u00e9p\u0151 er\u0151szakos hat\u00e1sok okozta k\u00e1rosod\u00e1st.<\/p>\n
A tud\u00f3soknak elemezni\u00fck kell a mut\u00e1ci\u00f3k \u00e9s a keletkez\u0151 feh\u00e9rj\u00e9k funkci\u00f3it, \u00e9s meg kell tal\u00e1lniuk az agyr\u00e1zk\u00f3d\u00e1sok kompenz\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1nak m\u00f3dj\u00e1t az emberek eset\u00e9ben is.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
M\u00e1s madarakkal, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a sasokkal \u00e9s a pelik\u00e1nokkal ellent\u00e9tben, amelyek szint\u00e9n mer\u00fclnek, a j\u00e9gmadarak ak\u00e1r 40 kilom\u00e9ter\/\u00f3r\u00e1s sebess\u00e9ggel is k\u00e9pesek gyorsan a v\u00edzbe mer\u00fclni. Shannon Hackett kutat\u00f3 szerint ez az…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1767,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/shapeshiftsource.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1766"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/shapeshiftsource.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/shapeshiftsource.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shapeshiftsource.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shapeshiftsource.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1766"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/shapeshiftsource.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1766\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1768,"href":"https:\/\/shapeshiftsource.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1766\/revisions\/1768"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shapeshiftsource.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1767"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/shapeshiftsource.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1766"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shapeshiftsource.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1766"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shapeshiftsource.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1766"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}